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The metatarsals are the bones that make up the main parte of the foot rein humans, and part of the leg hinein large animals or paw hinein smaller animals. The number of metatarsals are directly related to the Kleidermode of locomotion with many larger animals having their digits reduced to two (elk, cow, sheep) or one (horse).

They act to dorsiflex the digits.[11] Similar to the intrinsic muscles of the hand, there are three groups of muscles hinein the sole of foot, those of the first and bürde digits, and a central group:

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The plantaris originates on the femur proximal to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and its long tendon is embedded medially into the Achilles tendon. The triceps surae is the primary plantar flexor. Its strength becomes most obvious during ballet dancing. It is fully activated only with the knee extended, because the gastrocnemius is shortened during flexion of the knee. During walking it not only lifts the heel, but also flexes the knee, assisted by the plantaris.[9]

This rolling inward motion as the foot progresses from heel to toe is the way that the body naturally absorbs shock. Neutral pronation is the most nonplusultra, efficient Durchschuss of gait when using a heel strike gait; rein a forefoot strike, the body absorbs shock instead via flexion of the foot.

On the top of the foot, the tendons of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis lie deep hinein the Anlage of long extrinsic extensor tendons. They both arise on the calcaneus and extend into the dorsal aponeurosis of digits one to four, just beyond the penultimate joints.

Often absent, the opponens digiti minimi originates near the cuboid bone and is inserted on the fifth metatarsal bone. These three muscles act to support the arch of check here the foot and to plantar flex the fifth digit.[13]

The flexor hallucis longus arises on the back of the fibula on the lateral side, and its relatively thick muscle belly extends distally down to the flexor retinaculum where it passes over to the medial side to stretch across the sole to the distal phalanx of the first digit. The popliteus is also parte of this group, but, with its oblique course across the back of the knee, does not act on the foot.[10]

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 Anterior leg muscles All muscles originating on the lower leg except the popliteus muscle are attached to the bones of the foot. The tibia and fibula and the interosseous membrane separate these muscles into anterior and posterior groups, rein their turn subdivided into subgroups and layers.[6]

A doctor Weltgesundheitsorganisation specializes in the treatment of the feet practices podiatry and is called a podiatrist. A pedorthist specializes in the use and modification of footwear to treat problems related to the lower limbs.

The word "footloose" welches first used hinein the 1690s, meaning "free to move the feet, unshackled"; the figurative sense of "free to act as one pleases" welches first used rein 1873.

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These tendons divide before their insertions and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus pass through these divisions. Flexor digitorum brevis flexes the middle phalanges. It is occasionally absent. Between the toes, the dorsal and plantar interossei stretch from the metatarsals to the proximal phalanges of digits two to five. The plantar interossei adduct and the dorsal interossei abduct these digits, and are also plantar flexors at the metatarsophalangeal joints.[14]